Spine surgery has always had a bit of a philosophical split when it comes to degenerative disc disease (DDD). On one side sits fusion — the reliable, well-studied workhorse. On the other sits lumbar total disc arthroplasty (TDA), the motion-preserving rebel that promised to maintain segmental mobility and potentially reduce adjacent-level disease.
For years, critics of TDA have asked the same question: Sure, it works early — but what about the long haul?
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