According to studies conducted by the Sahlgrenska Academy in Molndal, Sweden, patients who have a total knee replacement (TKA) have an elevated risk of both hip fracture and vertebral fracture.
Their study, which involved an analysis of medical records from 1987 to 2002, covered the entire Swedish population born between 1902 and 1952. Researchers found that individuals with total knee replacement due to primary osteoarthritis (OA) had a low risk for hip and vertebral fracture in the decade before surgery. However, after total knee replacement, the risk for hip fracture increased by 4% and the risk for vertebral fracture increased by 19% compared to the population without a TKR.
The study reported that a total of 3, 221 patients had both total knee replacement and a hip fracture. “The hazard ratio (HR) for patients with knee OA to have sustained a hip fracture during the ten years preceding TKR was 0.58 (0.54-0.63) and during the ten year after the surgery 1.04 (1.00-1.09). The HR for patients with knee OA to have sustained a vertebral fracture during the ten years preceding TKR was 0.55 (0.47-0.65) and during the ten year after the surgery 1.19 (1.09-1.31). The lower risk of hip or vertebral fracture before and the increasing risk of hip or vertebral fracture after TKR remained after adjustment for age, gender, calendar year, and latitude. The HR for mortality the first year after TKR was 0.40 (0.37-0.44) and after 10 years after TKR 1.06 (1.00-1.11).”
Lead author Cecilie Hongslo Vala, Ph.D. said, “Studies have shown that osteoarthritis is associated with higher bone mass, and, as well, there may be a decreased physical activity level due to pain. The increasing risk for hip and vertebral fracture in the 10 years after knee replacement may be explained by pain, increase of physical activity due to rehabilitation, and other biomechanical factors.”
Approximately 13, 000 total knee replacements are carried out in Sweden annually.
